西安进口不锈钢需要注意的问题

摘要：<p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">西安</span></span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體(tǐ);"><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">进口不锈钢需要注意的问题</span> </span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體(tǐ);">西安<span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">使用(yòng)的不锈钢材料分(fēn)进口与國(guó)产两种，國(guó)产材料，由于使用(yòng)的是欧洲（</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">ISO</span><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">）體(tǐ)系，用(yòng)成分(fēn)表示，比较直观，不容易发生问题，现在我们重点谈谈进口不锈钢的一些需要注意的问题： </span></span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體(tǐ);"><br /> </span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體(tǐ);">1<span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">、材料标准 </span></span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體(tǐ);"><br /> </span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體(tǐ);"><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">现在，我们经常见到的进口不锈钢标准有(yǒu)美國(guó)</span>ASME<span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">标准的</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">SA240</span><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">、</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">ASTM</span><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">标准的</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">A240</span><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">以及日本</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">JIS</span><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">标准的</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">SUS</span><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">；经常使用(yòng)的牌号為(wèi)</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">304</span><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">、</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">304L</span><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">、</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">316L</span><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">等。下面以</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">304</span><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">為(wèi)例来说明它们的表示方法：</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">JIS</span><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">标准中材料，表示比较简单，就是</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">SUS304</span><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">这样表示；</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">ASME</span><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">及</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">ASTM</span><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">的表示有(yǒu)几种：</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">SA240-304</span><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">、</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">SA240TP304</span><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">、</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">A240-304</span><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">、</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">A240TP304</span><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">，实际上，中间加</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">-</span><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">与加</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">TP</span><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">的意思是一样的。我们提到前面有(yǒu)</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">304L</span><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">的材料，其中</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">L</span><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">為(wèi)后缀，表示含碳量较低；经常可(kě)以看到的还有(yǒu)</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">H</span><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">，表示含碳量较高，主要使用(yòng)在温度较高的场合；另外常见的还有(yǒu)</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">N</span><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">，表示加元素</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">N</span><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">，提高强度。有(yǒu)时候，我们还可(kě)以在后面见到：</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">2B</span><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">，</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">No.1</span><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">等后缀，这些后缀表示的是材料的表面状态；</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">2B</span><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">表示热轧加冷轧后，表面较好，达到镜面要求的</span></span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體(tǐ);"><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">钢板</span></span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體(tǐ);"><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">；</span>2D<span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">表示热轧加冷轧后，表面一般的钢板；</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">No.1</span><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">表示热轧表面。 </span></span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體(tǐ);"><br /> </span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體(tǐ);">2<span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">、关于材料的代用(yòng) </span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體(tǐ);"><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">在许多(duō)人心目中，材料</span>“<span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">以高代低、以厚代薄</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">”</span><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">是天经地义的事情，不需要多(duō)管，实际上这种观点是错误的，下面我们以</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">304</span><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">、</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">304L</span><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">、</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">304H</span><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">為(wèi)例来进行说明：一般来看，</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">304L</span><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">比</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">304</span><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">有(yǒu)更低的含碳量，更好的耐腐蚀性，因此可(kě)以代替</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">304</span><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">材料使用(yòng)。确实</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">304L</span><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">满足</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">304</span><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">的要求，而且比</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">304</span><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">更好，好像可(kě)以自动替代</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">304</span><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">，但从力學(xué)性能(néng)看，</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">304</span><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">的强度比</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">304L</span><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">高，当按</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">304</span><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">设计时，用(yòng)</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">304L</span><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">替代，就会造成强度不够；另外，在我國(guó)压力容器标准</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">GB150-1998</span><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">中</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">4.1.6</span><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">条规定：奥氏體(tǐ)不锈钢的使用(yòng)温度高于</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">525</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">℃</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體(tǐ);"><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">时，钢中含碳量应不小(xiǎo)于</span>0.04%<span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">。因此，认為(wèi)</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">304L</span><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">可(kě)以代替</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">304</span><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">使用(yòng)的观点是错误的，能(néng)不能(néng)使用(yòng)与使用(yòng)场合有(yǒu)关，而且按照容规规定，我们都没有(yǒu)权进行</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">“</span><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">材料代用(yòng)</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">”</span><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">，只有(yǒu)原设计部门才可(kě)以有(yǒu)权进行</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">"</span><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">材料代用(yòng)</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">"</span><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">的工作。</span></span> </p>