核電(diàn)用(yòng)不锈钢情况

摘要：<p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">核電(diàn)用(yòng)不锈钢情况</span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體(tǐ);"><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">核電(diàn)站涉及材料领域非常广泛，主要包括核燃料、中子慢化剂、核反应控制和反射材料、反应堆冷却剂、反应堆结构材料。其中，<a href="http://www.xahdbxg.com" target="_blank">不锈钢</a>主要作為(wèi)反应堆结构材料得到应用(yòng)。</span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體(tǐ);"><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">核電(diàn)站核燃料包壳材料、核反应堆的压力壳、反应堆堆内构件、蒸汽发生器传热管等都是关键结构材料，锆及锆合金、钢及镍基合金、铝合金是核電(diàn)站*主要的三类结构材料，其中钢和镍合金由于生产技术成熟、来源较广、价格相对较低，成為(wèi)核電(diàn)站结构材料的优选目标。</span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體(tǐ);"><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">据介绍，发電(diàn)能(néng)力</span>100<span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">万千瓦的核電(diàn)站消耗钢材</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">5</span><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">万吨以上，反应堆本體(tǐ)的压力壳、堆内构件、控制棒驱动机构、一回路系统的设备、构件、部件等关键部位用(yòng)的钢和镍合金，其数量多(duō)达数千吨，就压水堆和沸水堆而言，与一回路冷却剂接触的设备和构件，</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">90%</span><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">以上是用(yòng)钢和镍合金制造，在钢和镍合金中不锈钢占</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">80-90%</span><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">，以下為(wèi)核電(diàn)站用(yòng)不锈钢的具體(tǐ)情况。</span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體(tǐ);"><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">压力容器</span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體(tǐ);"><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">压力容器是核電(diàn)站*关键的设备，堆芯设备及堆内构件放置于压力容器中并发生核裂变，压力容器是防止放射性外逸的重要屏障。根据容器承压及工作环境，各类反应堆用(yòng)容器材质有(yǒu)所區(qū)别。</span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">堆芯、堆内结构、控制棒驱动机构</span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">轻水堆大量使用(yòng)不锈钢，除力學(xué)性能(néng)满足要求的原因，抗辐照性能(néng)好也是一个主要原因。其使用(yòng)不锈钢主要部件為(wèi)：燃料组件主要用(yòng)高镍合金或奥氏體(tǐ)不锈钢以及铬镍不锈钢；控制棒组件一般选用(yòng)铬镍奥氏體(tǐ)不锈钢等；堆内构件采用(yòng)铬镍不锈钢板材、锻材、管材等。</span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">其它堆型包括钠快冷堆和核素生产堆，分(fēn)别选用(yòng)铬镍奥氏體(tǐ)不锈钢和奥氏體(tǐ)不锈钢、双相不锈钢。</span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體(tǐ);"><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">一回路管道和冷去剂泵</span>&nbsp;</span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">轻水堆的主管道，沸水堆压力较低，管壁可(kě)以较薄，主要用(yòng)不锈钢，我國(guó)小(xiǎo)型压水堆主管道采用(yòng)</span>0Cr18Ni10Ti<span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">不锈钢锻管。一般反应堆一回路主泵外壳為(wèi)不锈钢铸件，小(xiǎo)型压水堆主泵则用(yòng)不锈钢整體(tǐ)锻造，主轴用(yòng)不锈钢锻件。</span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">其他(tā)堆型，包括重水堆、生产堆、钠快冷堆一回路管道均用(yòng)奥氏體(tǐ)不锈钢，气冷堆一回路与蒸发器相连接的管道，温度较低时采用(yòng)碳钢和低合金钢，对于高温气冷堆，随温度不同，则选用(yòng)耐热钢和高镍合金。</span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">蒸汽发生器和<a href="http://www.xahdbxg.com" target="_blank">热交换器</a></span></span><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體(tǐ);"><a href="http://www.xahdbxg.com" target="_blank">&nbsp;</a></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">蒸发器和热交换器是通过一回路冷却剂把反应堆所产生的热能(néng)传给二回路的工作介质水，使水变為(wèi)蒸汽的设备。轻水堆中蒸发器传热管材料由于工况恶劣，主要采用(yòng)高镍合金，支撑板采用(yòng)</span>0Cr13AL<span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">铁素體(tǐ)不锈钢，上部汽水分(fēn)离器等全部采用(yòng)奥氏體(tǐ)不锈钢。</span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">重水堆蒸发器管為(wèi)镍基合金，钠快冷堆中间热交换器的传热管一般选用(yòng)</span>304<span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">、</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">321</span><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">、</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">316</span><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">，蒸发器传热管主要采用(yòng)铬钼系耐热钢，生产堆传热管、管板、隔板等均采用(yòng)奥氏體(tǐ)不锈钢，我國(guó)选用(yòng)双相不锈钢效果更好。</span></span> </p>