西安不锈钢板材拉深过程中开裂原因

摘要：<p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">西安</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">不锈钢板材拉深过程中开裂原因</span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">拉伸奥氏體(tǐ)不锈钢板材有(yǒu)时会出现开裂现象，而且每个现象不太一样。</span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">有(yǒu)的是拉伸变形之后开裂；有(yǒu)的是从凹模内退出时就立马开裂；有(yǒu)的是拉伸变形之后受到撞击或振动时开裂；也有(yǒu)的是拉伸变形过后存放一段时间或使用(yòng)过程中突然开裂。</span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">其实开裂原因主要是因為(wèi)奥氏體(tǐ)不锈钢板材的延展性比较低、弹性模量</span>E<span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">有(yǒu)点大，硬化指数比较高，而且从屈服到开裂的塑性变形阶段比较短。</span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">奥氏體(tǐ)不锈钢的冷作硬化指数相对比较高，而且是亚稳定型不锈钢，在变形时会发生相变，形成马氏體(tǐ)组织。马氏體(tǐ)相性比较脆，所以容易会开裂。在塑性变形时，随着奥氏體(tǐ)相变形量的增大，诱发的马氏體(tǐ)相含量也会随着变形量的增大而增多(duō)，残余应力也就越高。从而形成恶性循环，在拉伸过程中奥氏體(tǐ)不锈钢板材也就越容易出现开裂现象。</span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">其实在奥氏體(tǐ)不锈钢板材的拉伸过程中还可(kě)以采取下列预防措施：</span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">可(kě)以在凹、凸模之间涂上润滑剂，产生一层具备一定的韧性和延展性的薄膜，这对奥氏體(tǐ)不锈钢板材的拉伸效果明显。</span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">可(kě)以采用(yòng)白口铸铁作為(wèi)压边圈磨具，锥形压边圈也可(kě)以使用(yòng)，因為(wèi)白口铸铁的存油性能(néng)比较好，极易产生润滑油膜。</span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">把奥氏體(tǐ)不锈钢板材的边缘加工光滑些，不能(néng)有(yǒu)微裂缺口，这样有(yǒu)效避免开裂。</span></span> </p>