常见不锈钢的性能(néng)和适用(yòng)环境

摘要：<span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">常见不锈钢的性能(néng)和适用(yòng)环境</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">不锈钢行业作為(wèi)传统行业历史也不算很(hěn)短，但大家始终对不锈钢知识略显不足，各种不锈钢接触起来也零零总总的，今天趁此文(wén)章让自己对不锈钢知识的认识再次巩固下，可(kě)以更加清晰。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">201</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">不锈钢管具备耐酸、耐碱</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">,</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">密度高无针孔等特点，是生产各种表壳、表带底盖上等材料等。广泛用(yòng)于装饰管，工业管，这些浅拉伸的制品当中。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">301 </span></span><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">不锈钢在形变时呈现出明显的加工硬化现象，被用(yòng)于要求较高强度的各种场合。多(duō)用(yòng)于列車(chē)、航空器、传送带、車(chē)辆、螺</span></span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:small;"> </span><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">栓、螺母、弹簧、筛网。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">304 </span></span><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">是一种通用(yòng)性的不锈钢，它广泛地用(yòng)于制作要求良好综合性能(néng)（耐腐蚀和成型性）的设备和机件。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">304L </span></span><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">是碳含量较低的</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">304</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">不锈钢的变种，用(yòng)于需要焊接的场合。较低的碳含量使得在靠近焊缝的热影响區(qū)中所析出的碳化物(wù)减至*少，而碳化物(wù)的析出可(kě)能(néng)导致不锈钢在某些环境中产生晶间腐蚀（焊接侵蚀）。应用(yòng)于抗晶界腐蚀性要求高的化學(xué)、煤炭、石油产业的野外露天机</span></span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:small;"> </span><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">器，建材耐热零件及热处理(lǐ)有(yǒu)困难的零件。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">304CU</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">因添加</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">Cu</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">其成型性，特别是拔丝性和抗时效裂纹性好，故可(kě)进行复杂形状的产品成</span></span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:small;"> </span><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">形；其耐腐蚀性与</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">304</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">相同。多(duō)用(yòng)于保温瓶、厨房洗涤槽、锅、壶、保温饭盒、门把手、纺织加工机器。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">309</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">、</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">310</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">不锈钢的镍、铬含量都比较高，為(wèi)的是提高钢在高温下的抗氧化性能(néng)和蠕变强度。而</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">30S5</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">和</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">310S</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">乃是</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">309</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">和</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">310</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">不锈钢的变种，所不同者只是碳含量较低，為(wèi)的是使焊缝附近所析出的碳化物(wù)减至*少。多(duō)用(yòng)于耐热槽钢、耐热管件。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">316</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">和</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">316L</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">型不锈钢含镍量高，因而在海洋和化學(xué)工业环境中的抗点腐蚀能(néng)力大大地优于</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">304</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">不锈钢。其中，</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">316</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">型不锈钢由变种包括低碳不锈钢</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">316L</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">、含氮的高强度不锈钢</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">316N</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">以及合硫量较高的易切削不锈钢</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">316F</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">。应用(yòng)在海水里用(yòng)设备、化學(xué)、染料、造纸、草(cǎo)酸、肥料等生产设备；照像、食品工业、沿海地區(qū)设施。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">321</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">是以钛稳定化的不锈钢，在</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">304</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">钢中添加</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">Ti</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">元素来防止晶界腐蚀；适宜作高温下使用(yòng)的焊接构件。适合于在</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">430</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">℃</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">-900</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">℃高温度下使用(yòng)。多(duō)应用(yòng)于航空器、排气管、锅炉汽包。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:small;">409L </span></span><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">是因添加了</span></span><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">Ti</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">元素，故其高温耐蚀性及高温强度较好。适用(yòng)于汽車(chē)排气管、热交换机、集装箱等</span></span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:small;"> </span><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">在焊接后不热处理(lǐ)的产品。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">420J1</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">是在淬火后硬度高，耐蚀性好且有(yǒu)磁性。在餐具（刀(dāo)）、涡轮机叶片中常使用(yòng)。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">430</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">则作為(wèi)铁素體(tǐ)钢的代表钢种，热膨胀率抵，成</span></span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:small;"> </span><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">形性及耐氧化性优。多(duō)用(yòng)于耐热器具、燃烧器、家電(diàn)产品、</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">2</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">类餐具、厨房洗涤槽、外部装饰材料、螺栓、螺母、</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">CD</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">杆、筛网。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:small;">&nbsp;</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);font-size:small;"> </span>