304F、304L 与304不锈钢的區(qū)别

摘要：<p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體(tǐ);mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">304F<span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">、</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">304L </span><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">与</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">304</span><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">不锈钢的區(qū)别</span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體(tǐ);mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">國(guó)标牌号</span>0Cr18Ni9<span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">也就是</span></span><span><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;">304<span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">不锈钢</span></span></span><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;"><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">，这是一种普适性的通用(yòng)不锈钢，也是市面上见的*多(duō)、用(yòng)的*多(duō)的一种不锈钢，这一钢种很(hěn)广泛的被用(yòng)在了要求有(yǒu)优良综合性能(néng)的物(wù)件上，比如食品、化工设备等。</span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體(tǐ);mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體(tǐ);mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">304<span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">不锈钢板</span></span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;">304<span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">不锈钢</span></span></span><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;"><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">有(yǒu)优良的冷热加工与成型性能(néng)。很(hěn)容易被用(yòng)来加工生产不锈钢板、不锈钢管、不锈钢丝、不锈钢带等各种不锈钢型材，也宜被用(yòng)来制造冷镦、深冲、深拉伸成型的零件。不过</span>304<span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">不锈钢的焊接性能(néng)比较普通，可(kě)使用(yòng)一般的焊接方法进行加工焊接，且焊接前后都无需热处理(lǐ)。不过</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">304</span><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">不锈钢的性能(néng)也有(yǒu)不足的地方，比如大截面尺寸钢件焊接后对晶间腐蚀敏感，在包括湿润的空气中对应力腐蚀非常敏感，不锈钢的力學(xué)强度较低，加工切削性能(néng)偏弱等。</span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;">304F<span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">的</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">F</span><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">指的是含硫量，该含量比</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">304</span><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">不锈钢中高出近</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1</span><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">倍，估摸达到</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">0.1</span><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">左右，有(yǒu)更好的加工性能(néng)，但该钢种的防锈性能(néng)比</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">304</span><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">不锈钢略差。</span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;">304L<span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">对应國(guó)标牌号</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">00Cr18Ni11</span><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">，是</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">304</span><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">不锈钢的一种变种，该钢种的碳含量较低，主要用(yòng)来用(yòng)在需要焊接的场合。由于碳含量较低，所以在靠近焊缝的热影响區(qū)中所析出的碳化物(wù)减到*少，因為(wèi)碳化物(wù)的析出可(kě)能(néng)会使得不锈钢在某些环境中产生晶间腐蚀（焊接侵蚀）。</span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;">304<span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">不锈钢</span></span></span><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;"><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">是镍合金，其物(wù)理(lǐ)性能(néng)表现為(wèi)银白色，经抛光后能(néng)長(cháng)期保持华丽的外观，比重</span>8.9<span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">，晶格是面心立方。</span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體(tǐ);mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">化學(xué)成分(fēn)的影响</span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;"><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">铬、镍元素相配合组成铬镍不锈钢，是一种较好的不锈钢。在此种不锈钢中加入大量镍是為(wèi)了得到单一的奥氏體(tǐ)组织，从而加强不锈钢的耐腐蚀性和工艺性。在常温和低温下有(yǒu)很(hěn)强的塑性和韧性，不具磁性，有(yǒu)较好的抗晶间腐蚀性能(néng)。</span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;"><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">铬是决定不锈钢抗腐蚀性能(néng)的主要元素，因為(wèi)钢中含铬就能(néng)使不锈钢在氧化介质中产生钝化现象，即在表面形成一层很(hěn)薄的膜，在这层膜内富集了铬。钢中含铬量愈高，抗腐蚀性能(néng)就愈强。此外，铬对钢的机械性能(néng)和工艺性能(néng)都能(néng)起到很(hěn)好的强化作用(yòng)。</span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;"><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">只有(yǒu)在它与铬配合时才能(néng)充分(fēn)表现出来。镍是形成奥氏體(tǐ)的合金元素，当镍与铬配合使用(yòng)时，即可(kě)使金相组织由单相的铁素體(tǐ)变為(wèi)奥氏體(tǐ)和铁素體(tǐ)双相组织，经过热处理(lǐ)，可(kě)以提高强度，从而使其具有(yǒu)更强的不锈耐蚀性和良好的形变性能(néng)。</span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體(tǐ);mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">杂质对性能(néng)的影响</span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;"><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">当含碳量介于</span>0.1%~0.3%<span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">之间时，在退火后，碳将以石墨状态在晶格间界上析出，破坏了晶粒间的结合力，强烈地降低镍的强度和塑性，使加工变形产生困难。</span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;"><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">另外碳与铬有(yǒu)很(hěn)强的亲合力，能(néng)形成一系列碳化物(wù)。钢中的含碳量愈高，形成的碳化铬愈多(duō)，固溶體(tǐ)中含铬量就相对减少，钢的耐腐蚀性能(néng)就会降低。</span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;"><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">硫是有(yǒu)害的杂质，硫与镍形成</span>Ni3S2<span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">化合物(wù)，</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">Ni3S2</span><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">与镍在</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">625</span><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">℃形成低熔点共晶，分(fēn)布在晶粒间界上，当热变形温度超过共晶熔点时，即沿晶粒间界开裂，产生所谓”热脆”现象。镍在常温时与硫生成的</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">Ni3S2</span><span style="font-family:宋體(tǐ);">能(néng)引起冷脆。</span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體(tǐ);mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">&nbsp;</span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體(tǐ);mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">&nbsp;</span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體(tǐ);mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">&nbsp;</span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體(tǐ);mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">&nbsp;</span> </p>